Horizontal Out of Straightness (HOOS)

The horizontal out of straightness (HOOS) of the flowline being laid on seabed can be defined a simple sine curve. The sine curve equation used to define the flowline HOOS profile is shown below:

y=A/2[sin⁡[(x-(0.25λ))/0.5λ]π+1]

Where,
A = HOOS amplitude;
λ = HOOS wavelength
y = lateral-axis;
x =  axial-axis.






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